Taxonomía clínica transdiagnóstica del trastorno límite de la personalidad: revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70208/3007.8245.v6.n1.398Palabras clave:
trastorno límite de la personalidad, medicina de precisión, psicoterapia, regulación de las emociones, trastornos de la personalidadResumen
Introducción: el trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP) es un síndrome heterogéneo con solapamiento transdiagnóstico y alta carga funcional. Objetivo: proponer una taxonomía clínica transdiagnóstica que vincule núcleos psicopatológicos con decisiones terapéuticas, como base para un modelo de precisión para el TLP. Métodos: revisión narrativa de literatura fundacional y reciente (1980–2024), integrando estudios clínicos, neurobiológicos y metaanálisis sobre subtipos, núcleos dimensionales e intervenciones con evidencia. Resultados: se sintetizan subtipos clínicos y una propuesta de ocho núcleos transdiagnósticos (inestabilidad emocional; control inhibitorio/impulsividad; integración de la identidad; disociación y cognición perceptual; apego y mentalización; agresión y hostilidad; auto-daño y suicidalidad; comorbilidad adictiva), con correlación explícita hacia intervenciones psicoterapéuticas especializadas y manejo psiquiátrico. Conclusión: el TLP puede conceptualizarse como un entramado dimensional más que una categoría única; una taxonomía núcleo-dirigida permite estratificar riesgo y orientar tratamientos para mejorar resultados longitudinales.
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