Control inhibitorio en el deporte: una revisión sistemática sobre su relación con el rendimiento y la adaptación conductual post-error
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70208/3007.8245.v6.n1.432Palabras clave:
control inhibitorio, rendimiento deportivo, adaptación conductual post-errorResumen
El presente estudio realiza una revisión sistemática de la evidencia sobre el control inhibitorio en el deporte y su relación con el rendimiento y la adaptación conductual. Se analizaron 23 estudios empíricos identificados en las bases de datos Scopus y PubMed, considerando deportistas de distintas disciplinas, edades y niveles de expertise. Los resultados muestran que los deportistas presentan un mejor desempeño en tareas de control inhibitorio en comparación con no deportistas, evidenciado en menores tiempos de reacción y mayor precisión. Asimismo, se observaron asociaciones positivas entre el control inhibitorio y variables relevantes del rendimiento deportivo, como la toma de decisiones, la anticipación y la ejecución motora. No obstante, los hallazgos no son completamente consistentes, sugiriendo que esta relación está modulada por factores como el tipo de deporte, el nivel de experiencia y la especificidad de las tareas utilizadas. Por otra parte, el control inhibitorio se vincula con procesos de regulación conductual y ajuste posterior al error, aunque esta línea aún presenta evidencia limitada. Finalmente, los estudios de intervención indican que esta capacidad puede ser entrenada, especialmente mediante prácticas que integren demandas cognitivas y motoras. Estos hallazgos destacan su relevancia para el rendimiento deportivo y su potencial aplicación en el entrenamiento.
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