Uso de la cal para la extracción de arabinoxilanos a partir de la biomasa lignocelulósica: hacia una biorrefinería sostenible y economía circular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70208/3007.8245.v5.n1.63Palabras clave:
hidróxido de calcio, biomasa lignocelulósica, arabinoxilanos, biorrefinería, economía circularResumen
Se requiere desarrollar métodos sostenibles y eficientes para extraer compuestos bioactivos de la biomasa lignocelulósica (BL) para valorizar los subproductos agroalimentarios, forestales e industriales en el marco de la biorrefinería y de la economía circular. Esta contribución ofreció una visión general sobre la viabilidad y eficacia de la cal como agente de extracción, centrándose en la recuperación de arabinoxilanos (AX) de diversos materiales lignocelulósicos, para fomentar esta línea de investigación. La BL consiste en una estructura defensiva de las plantas, compuesta principalmente de celulosa, de hemicelulosa y de lignina, presentando recalcitrancia. Los hallazgos indicaron que el pretratamiento adecuado de la BL promueve la extracción eficiente de AX, siendo los métodos alcalinos particularmente efectivos para aumentar la solubilidad de los AX y facilitar su posterior aislamiento y purificación. El uso de la cal se presentó como una estrategia viable debido a su disponibilidad, bajo costo, selectividad, baja toxicidad y por facilitar la ruptura de enlaces éster entre xilanos (hemicelulosa) y lignina, lo que mejora la susceptibilidad de la celulosa y los xilanos a tratamientos posteriores. En conclusión, el uso de la cal se destacó como una estrategia efectiva para deconstruir la BL y obtener compuestos químicos de alto valor agregado, tales como los AX, con aplicaciones tecnológicas diversas, promoviendo la inclusión de la BL dentro de una economía circular
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