Morpho-functional and cardio-metabolic characteristics in schoolchildren from Central Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70208/3007.8245.v6.n1.332Keywords:
physical education, metabolism, life styles, scholarsAbstract
Physical activity practiced in the early stages of life contributes to psychomotor development, adopting healthy lifestyles, and influences metabolic variables. Currently, high levels of a sedentary lifestyle prevail, and bad habits affect lifestyle; consequently, the metabolic state of human beings is altered throughout their life cycle. Given the scarce information on the associations in these variables, the present study was carried out to analyze the relationships between the variables of physical education, psychomotor skills, and lifestyle habits in women and men in the pre-adolescence and adolescence stages in a central region of Mexico. 724 practitioners participated in a representative sample of 19,000 participants from the municipal sports initiation schools of León, from two age groups in the pre-adolescent maturation stage (12 to 15 years of age) and adolescents (16 to 19 years of age) of both sexes. Males in the pre-adolescent and adolescent groups had higher values for glucose, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins, and high-density lipoproteins. The physical activity variables were significantly related by a multiple correlation model (R2 = 0.49; p <0.05). The perception of physical activity through physical education had a score range of 4-8 out of 10 points. The psychomotor movement test in the Illinois test was between 40 and 72%, considered low values. In conclusion, the metabolic variables of glucose and lipids had values of unsuitability for their age and males had the highest values. Conclusion. It is necessary for participants in sports programs to have greater knowledge of their metabolic variables, the adoption of healthy lifestyles, and better psychomotor skills from early stages of life.
References
Battaglia G, Giustino V, Tabacchi G, Alesi M, Galassi C, Modica C, Palma A, Bellafiore M (2020). Effectiveness of a Physical Education Program on the Motor and Pre-literacy Skills of Preschoo-lers From the Training-To-Health Project: A Focus on Weight Status. Front Sports Act Living. 2020 16;2:579421. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.579421. PMID: 33367276; PMCID: PMC7750875.
Camacho, A., Noguera, M., Buñuel, P., Domínguez, R., Larrubia, J. & Delgado, M. (2006). The learning assessment in physical education. The differences according to educative level. European Journal of Human Movement, (17), 71-95.
Czenczek-Lewandowska, E., Grzegorczyk, J., and Mazur, A. (2018). Physical activity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and contemporary methods of its assessment. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Diabetes Metab. 24, 179–184. doi: 10.5114/pedm.2018.83364
Cureton, T. (1951). Physical fitness of champions. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Daniel, D (2019). Biostatistics. 7th ed. Ed. Limusa Wiley. Pp 900. ISBN 9789681861643
de Greeff JW, Bosker J, Oosterlaan J, Visscher C, Hartman E (2018). Effects of physical acti-vity on executive functions, attention, and academic performance in preadolescent children: A meta-analysis. J. Sci. Med. Sport. 21, 501–507.
Tomporowski PD (2003) Effects of acute bouts of exercise on cognition. Acta Psychol. 112, 297–324.
Di Maglie, A.; Marsigliante, S.; My, G.; Colazzo, S.; Muscella, A (2022). Effects of a physical activity intervention on schoolchildren fitness. Physiol. Rep.
Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (2021) México. Tomando de: https://ensanut.insp.mx/encuestas/ensanutcontinua2021/informes.php
Gu X, Keller, MJ, Weiller-Abels KH, Zhang T (2018). The roles of physical activity and seden-tary behavior on Hispanic children’s mental health: A motor skill perspective. Qual. Life Res 27, 185–193.
Guerrero M, Rivera AE. (2020) El Tiempo Compromiso Motor y los estándares internacionales de movimiento. Revista FIEP Bulletin, Vol. 90- Especial Edition – Article 1 – 2020. Doi:10.16887/90.a1115
Gobierno de México: Propósitos de la educación física. https://www.gob.mx/propósitosdelaeducaciónfísica , 2020. Recuperado en Junio 2023.
Hernández R, Fernández C , Baptista P (2014). Metodología de la Investigación. 6ª ed. Ed. Mc Graw Hill. México. Pp 634. IISBN: 978-1-4562-2396-0
Huitt, W. (1995). A systems model of the teaching/learning process. Voldosta, GA: College of Education, Voldosta State University.
INEGI (2018). Módulo de Práctica Deportiva y Ejercicio Físico (MOPRADEF), recupera-do: https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/mopradef/doc/resultados_mopra-def_nov_2018.pdf
Marsigliante, S, Gómez-López, M, Muscella, A (2023). Effects on Children’s Physical and MentalWell-Being of a Physical-Activity-Based School Intervention Program: A Randomized Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1927. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031927
Medina C, Jauregui A, Campos I, Barquera S. (2018). Prevalencia y tendencia de actividad física en niños y adolescentes: Resultados de ENSANUT 2012 Y 2016. Salud Pública de México vol. 60 (3) 263-271.
Méndez I (2019). El protocolo de investigación. 9a edición. Editorial Trillas.. Pp 100. ISBN 9789682441004
Nielsen, G., Mygind, E., Bolling, M., Otte, C. R., Schneller, M. B., Schipperijn, J., et al. (2016). A quasi-experimental cross-disciplinary evaluation of the impacts of education outside the classroom on pupils’ physical activity, well-being and learning: the TEACHOUT study protocol. BMC Public Health 16:1117. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3780-8
Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II) (1993). JAMA. 269 (23): 3015-3023.
OMS (2023). https://www.paho.org/es/campanas/dia-mundial-salud-2023-salud-para-todos
OCDE (2018). The future of education and skills: Education 2030 France: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Directorate for Education and Skills. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/2F4vpPn.
ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD (2018). Actividad Física. Recuperado de https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/274570/B142_R5-sp.pdf (agosto 2023)
Pagani LS, Fitzpatrick C, Barnett TA, and Dubow E. (2010). Prospective associations between early childhood television exposure and academic, psychosocial, and physical well-being by middle childhood. Arch. Pediatr Adolesc Med 164, 425–431. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.50.
Pappalia DE. Duskin R, Martorell R (2012). Experience Human Development. 7th ed. Ed. McGraw Hill. pp 1-714. USA.
Pérez-Herrera, Cruz-López (2018). Situación actual de la obesidad infantil en México. Nutr Hosp 2019;36(2):463-469 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.2116
Roberts C, Freeman J, Samdal O, Schnohr CW de Looze ME, Nic Gabhainn S, et al (2009). The health behavior in school-aged children (hbsc) study: methodological developments and current tensions. Int j public health. 2009;54(suppl 2):140-50. Https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-5405-9
SEP. Programa de Educación Física. 1ª ed. 1994. Digitalizado 2005. Ed. Gobierno de México. México. ISBN 968 – 6344 – 3.
Stodden DF, Goodway JD, Langendorfer SJ, Roberton MA, Rudisill ME, Garcia C, et al. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: an emergent relationship. Quest 60, 290–306. doi: 10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582.
Tabacchi, G., Battaglia, G., Alesi, M., Paoli, A., Palma, A., and Bellafiore, M. (2020). Food literacy predictors and associations with physical and emergent literacy in pre-schoolers: results from the training-to-health project. Public Health Nutr. 23, 356–365. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019002404.
Tucker, P. (2008). The physical activity levels of preschool-aged children: a systematic review. Early Child. Res. Q 23, 547–558. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2008.08.005
United states’ National Association for Sport and Physical Education NASPE (2015), from the national standards guidelines and position statements, E.U.A; 2009. Population website, http://www.aahperd.org/naspe
Viscione I, D’elia F, Vastola R, Sibilio M. (2017). Psychomotor assisment in Teaching and Educationalresearch, Athens Journal of Education, 4(2):169-178.
Voss, C., and Harris, K. C. (2017). Physical activity evaluation in children with congenital heart disease. Heart 103, 1408–1412. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311340.
