Diametralities between competitiveness and informality in the Historic Center of the City of Santiago de Querétaro (México)

Abstract

Informality and competitiveness are two categories that converge in Latin American cities and contribute to the construction of urban identity. However, competitiveness often prevails over territorial regulations and becomes embedded in the broader structure of power, particularly within central urban spaces. The objective of this research was to describe the relationship between the analytical categories—competitiveness and informality—based on their diametrical tensions with formality in the Historic Center of the city of Querétaro. Methodologically, observation was employed through an ethnographic approach supported by field notes. Subsequently, a deductive analysis was conducted based on the two aforementioned analytical categories. The findings show that competitiveness operates as a political element associated with power, urban planning, and territorial regulation in Santiago de Querétaro, particularly in its historic center. In addition, forms of resistance were identified among those engaged in informal work or self-employment, who experience processes of displacement and restrictions on the use and appropriation of public space. From a social perspective, the study reveals the tensions of a city that promotes itself as competitive while simultaneously reproducing inequalities. It is concluded that competitiveness is not separate from informality; rather, both coexist within the same social, political, cultural, and institutional framework. Although they appear dichotomous and diametrically opposed, in practice they are interconnected and mutually conditioning.