Toxic compounds in vaping liquids and their effect on lung function: narrative Review

Abstract

In recent years, the use of electronic cigarettes has increased considerably, raising concerns about their potential effects on respiratory health. Vaping products contain many chemical components and can be altered when heated or aerosolized into harmful compounds. The objective of this work is to analyze the current evidence on toxic compounds in vaping liquids and their effect on lung function. The methodology was a narrative literature review was conducted, including studies accessed through electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, in English and Spanish, published between 2021 and 2026. Terms used included "electronic cigarettes," "vaping," "e-liquids," "toxic compounds," "lung function," "pulmonary effects," and "respiratory health." The results of this research demonstrate a reduction in lung capacity and respiratory tissue immune response in regular users and experimental models. Therefore, while they may be considered a more benign substitute for standard inhalation, e-cigarettes also contain toxins that can affect lung capacity. Longitudinal studies will be needed to gain a better understanding of their long-term impact and to strengthen health regulations.